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![]() Exercise training and protein feeding are anabolic stimuli for skeletal muscle and result in a net positive muscle protein balance (. However, long-term studies are needed to confirm this age-related effect. It is concluded that measurements of protein turnover similar to those obtained with the prime/intermittent-dose approach can be obtained with the single-dose approach in the fed state during the daytime, either from the excretion of label in urinary NH 3 over a period of 12 h or with the excretion of label in urinary urea over a period of 24 h. Protein turnover is the continual, metabolic process regulating tissue mass and function, and reflects the balance between rates of protein synthesis and breakdown. Finally, and in contrast to young subjects, a "fast" protein may be more beneficial than a "slow" one in elderly subjects, to limit body protein loss. Our preliminary results suggest that added nonprotein energy sources to CAS and WP attenuated the differences in both the protein digestion rate and protein gain. We also analyzed the effects of fat and carbohydrates added to CAS and WP. These results led to the concept of "slow" and "fast" protein and were confirmed by further experiments during which the meals tested presented different digestion rates but were otherwise identical in terms of amino acid profile. WP stimulated amino acid oxidation and protein synthesis without modifying proteolysis, whereas CAS increased amino acid oxidation and protein synthesis to a lesser extent and strongly inhibited proteolysis. The whole body protein synthesis rate was measured in four groups of young women by giving a single pulse of 15N glycine and determining the 15N enrichment in the urinary ammonia excreted over the. The mechanisms of this gain also differed according to the protein rate of digestion. Indeed, in young men, using a non-steady-state approach and intrinsically labeled milk protein fractions we showed that a slow digested dietary protein (CAS) induced a greater protein gain than a fast one (WP). More recently, we demonstrated that the protein digestion rate is an independent factor regulating postprandial protein gain. It has long been recognized that numerous dietary parameters, such as the amount and type of protein and nonprotein energy sources, affect protein metabolism. ![]()
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